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Roundheads" was the nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians, they were the supporters of Oliver Cromwell against King Charles I ^[1]. Cromwell rose to prominence as a Member of Parliament and Parliamentary soldier, and eventually established himself as Lord Protector in 1653. Roundhead political and religious factions included (but were not limited to) Presbyterians, classical republicans, Levellers, and Independents. The Roundheads' enemies, the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, were alternatively nicknamed Cavaliers.